Thursday, 25 February 2016
Saturday, 20 February 2016
Tuesday, 16 February 2016
Monday, 15 February 2016
Tuesday, 9 February 2016
Friday, 26 September 2014
Vizvavid: Age of Universe
Age of Universe:
Hello
friends, have you ever wonder, how much old is our Universe & How it started. We already know
that our solar system is very much small compared to the Universe & it is part of Milky Way galaxy (the galaxy we are
living in). There are billions or trillions of galaxies are there in a single cluster (a bundles of galaxies),
but a Universe have infinite (means uncountable numbers of) clusters
are there.
So again,
How much time will be taken to exist this much matter (Age of Universe).
Powers of Ten (Micro to Macro
Universe) Video link:
Let’s
discuss this Age of Universe into
two ways 1). Modern Science
2). Religious Texts
According to modern
physics (Science):
Scientists
believed that universe is expanding now (by Hubble’s telescope), somehow in the
past it was starting at single point is called Big bang.
Big Bang theory says that the current age of universe is 13.7 billion years.
But according to new observations, i.e. clusters of galaxies, super-clusters,
it is quite evident that our universe is so much older than that. Lots of Cosmologists believes that big-bang theory is not correct although
it is most widely accepted. In short, modern man is not aware of forces and
science which are needed to explain the creation of universe.
In physical cosmology, the age of the universe is the time elapsed since the Big Bang.
In the
1920s, astronomer Edwin Hubble
discovered the universe was not static. Rather, it was expanding; so it revealed
that the universe was apparently born in a Big
Bang (by above images).
After that,
it was long thought the Gravity of
matter in the universe was certain to slow the expansion of the universe.
Then, in 1998, the Hubble Space Telescope's observations of very distant supernovae revealed that a long time ago, the universe was expanding more slowly than it is today.
Then, in 1998, the Hubble Space Telescope's observations of very distant supernovae revealed that a long time ago, the universe was expanding more slowly than it is today.
In other
words, the expansion of the universe was not slowing due to gravity, but
instead inexplicably was accelerating. The name for the unknown force driving
this accelerating expansion is dark
energy, and it remains one of the
greatest mysteries in science.
So Modern Science also does not give the
exact age of Universe, instead of
that they are giving roughly 13.7
billion years.
The
expansion of Universe by Doppler Effect:
The Doppler
Effect (or Doppler shift) is the change in frequency of a wave (or other
periodic event) for an observer moving relative to its source. It is named
after the Austrian physicist Christian
Doppler, who proposed it in 1842 in Prague.
Doppler blue shift + Doppler red
shift = Doppler shift
Doppler red shift or RED shift: In physics, Red shift happens when
light or other electromagnetic radiation from an object is increased in
wavelength, or shifted to the red end of the spectrum.
Doppler blue shift or BLUE shift: A Blue shift is any decrease in
wavelength (increase in frequency); the opposite effect is referred to as red-shift.
The Red shift - which shows how fast something is
moving away - is speeding up, meaning the universe is expanding.
By
calculating how much it is accelerating by, and how fast it is going, if we can
run the equation in reverse and determine how long ago big bang happened.
Calculating the age of Universe by Hubble’s constant
(By Edwin Hubble):
By using
Hubble’s law V = H0D
V = velocity
(meter/sec), D = distance (meter)
H0 = Hubble constant (sec-1). From this: V/ D = H0
D/ V = T
(time) in sec (or) 1/H0
The
reciprocal of the Hubble constant (H0)
is approximately the age of the Universe, Not exactly. And you have to get the
units first; Mega parsecs and kilometers are both distances.
1/H0 = age of Universe.
Hubble's constant (H0) is around 71 Km/s/Mps (or)
kilometers per second per mega parsec
1 mega
parsec = 30.86 x 10^18 kilometers
H0
= (71 km/sec)/ (30.86 x 10^18 km) = 2.30 x 10^-18 sec^-1
The age of
the universe = 1/H0 = 1/2.30 x 10^-18 sec^-1 = 4.34 x 10^17 seconds
There are
31,557,000 seconds in a year.
Converting seconds into
years:
4.34 x 10^17
/ (3.156 x10^7) = 13.751 x 10^9 years or 13.7
billion years.
According to Science
the age of Universe is around: 13.7 billion years.
According to Religious Texts:
Different
Religions giving information about Creation
with different ways, but cannot determine Age
of Universe clearly (Approximately they are giving). If we are thinking
there is a beginning of universe (Big bang), then there must be an end to this
universe (Big crunch). Then how much old is our universe.
Let’s look
at Vedic Science and Meta physics and what it says.
1. Total age
of universe is 311.04 trillion years
(human years).
2. Current
age is around 155.521972944 trillion
years.
How it is calculated:
There are 4
ages on earth which keeps circulating: (Yuga Cycles)
• Satya
Yuga - 1.728 million years (four times the kali Yuga)
• Treta
Yuga - 1.296 million years (three times the kali Yuga)
• Dwapara
Yuga - 0.864 million years (two times the kali Yuga)
• Kali
Yuga - 0.432 million years
1Yuga Cycle: 4.32
million human years.
• This Yuga cycle is called Maha (great/big)
or divya (divine) Yuga.
• One thousand (1000) such Yuga cycles
forms one day of Brahma (God of
creation).
• So one day of Brahma is 4.32 million *
1000 = 4.32 billion human years.
• Each such day of Brahma is called a "Kalpa".
• His night also constitutes 4.32
billion human years. During his day, life exists in Universe.
• In night time, no form of life exists.
So one complete day and
night of Brahma has 8.64 billion human years.
• Age of Brahma is 100 years.
• Each year of Brahma has 360 days and
same number of nights.
• Thus, total age of Brahma is 360 * 100
* 8.64 billion = 311,040 billion human years.
• I.e. 311.04 trillion years. This
period is called "Maha Kalpa".
• The life span of the Universe is one "Maha kalpa": (311.04
trillion Human years).
• This time span is also the duration of
one breath of "Vishnu" (God
of Preservation)
• When he exhales, thousands of
universes emerge and one "Brahma"
is born in each
Universe.
• When "Vishnu" inhales, all universes get sucked and Brahma dies.
This cycle
is non-ending and eternal. That’s why "Vishnu" is considered eternal
in Vedic Science.
How much old is our
universe:
Note that
the period of Satya Yuga is 0.4x, Treta Yuga is 0.3x, Dwapara Yuga is 0.2x and Kali Yuga is 0.1x where x is the time-span of one Maha-Yuga cycle. I will use 'x' as 1 Maha-Yuga cycle (4.32 million
human years) subsequently.
·
In 1 day of Brahma = 14 "manvantara"
(manvantara = manu + antara = 1 life span of Manu).
·
Each "manvantara"
is divided into 71 "Maha-Yuga"
cycles.
·
So total make 14*71 = 994x (Maha-Yuga cycles).
·
Remaining cycles are used to fill gaps between manvantara.
·
Before and after each manvantara,
follows one Sandhi Kala of
the same duration as a Krita/Satya Yuga.
·
The period that precedes a Yuga is called a Sandhya.
·
The period that follows a Yuga, termed the Sandhyansa, is of similar duration.
·
The interval between the Sandhya
and the Sandhyansa is the Yuga, denominated as Krita/ (satya), Treta, Dwapara and Kali yugas.'
It is said
that during a Sandhi Kala, the
entire earth is submerged in water called Pralayam
(dissolution)
Total numbers of Sandhi kala are 15 (since there are 14 manvantaras).
So total
gap period is = 0.4x * 15 = 6x.
Hence total
makes 1000 Maha-Yuga cycles = 1 Brahma day.
Sandhya 400 + 4,000 + Sandhyansa 400 = 4,800 divine years = (1,728,000
human years) = 1 Krita (Satya) Yuga
Sandhya 300 + 3,000 + Sandhyansa 300 = 3,600 divine years = (1,296,000 human
years) = 1 Treta Yuga
Sandhya 200 + 2,000 + Sandhyansa 200 = 2,400 divine years =
(864,000 human years) = 1 Dwapara Yuga
Sandhya100 + 1,000 + Sandhyansa 100 = 1,200 divine years =
(432,000 human years) = 1 Kali Yuga
12,000
divine years = 4 Yugas = (4,320,000 human years) = 1 Maha-Yuga
According to
the Vedic texts, Current age of Brahma
is 50 Brahma years and 1 Brahma day
(we are in the 1st day of 2nd half of Brahma) and we are in the seventh "manvantara", in the 28th turnover
of its 71 Yuga cycles. In this cycle, we are in the starting of Kali Yuga
(approximately 8000 years).
So current age of our universe (in
terms of Maha-Yuga cycles) =
(50 * 720 *
1000) = 50 years * (360 days + 360 nights) * total no. of cycles in one
day/night
+ (6 * 71) =
6 manvantara each of 71 Maha-Yuga cycle
+ (7 * 0.4)
= 7 sandhi kala or gaps for 6 manvantara
+ (27 * 1) =
we are in 28th cycle of 71 Maha-Yuga cycle (out of 1000 cycles)
+
(0.4+0.3+0.2) = in this cycle, we are in Kali Yuga.
(Satya Yuga,
Treat Yuga and Dwapara Yuga are 0.4x, 0.3x and 0.2x respectively).
+ Around
8000 human years = Kali Yuga
Thus total
age = (36,000,000 + 456.7) x = 36,000,456.7 * 4.32 million = 155,521,972.944
million years = 155.521972944 trillion
human years.
Now add the
age of Kaliyuga. I.e. around 8000
human years. Once we calculate the exact age of Kaliyuga, we can know the exact age of universe.
Calculations:
Age of Universe: (according to Vedas)
Before going
into solar years (Age according to humans presently) of universe, we will
discuss some Hindu cosmology (Hindu time cycles).
Brahma lives
for 100 years (according to Hindu cosmology).
1 human year
(in Hindu calendar) = 1 Deva Ahoratra (1 complete day) or (1 day and 1 night)
360 Deva
Ahoratras = 1 Deva Vatsara (1 year)
12,000 Deva
Vatsara (years) = 1 Chaturyuga (four yugas)
(12,000 Deva
Vatsaras (years) = 4,800 Deva Vatsaras of Krita (satya) Yuga
+
3,600 Deva Vatsaras of Treta Yuga
+2,400 Deva Vatsaras of Dwapara Yuga
+ 1,200 Deva
Vatsaras of Kali Yuga).
1 Maha-Yuga
= 10 times the Kaliyuga
(Which is:
·
Satya
Yuga = 4,800*360 = 1,728,000 human years ; Human
Avg life span= 100,000 years
·
Treta
Yuga = 3,600*360= 1,296,000 human years ; Human Avg life span=
10,000 years
·
Dwapara
Yuga = 2,400 * 360 = 864,000 human years; Human
Avg life span= 1,000 years
·
Kali
Yuga = 1,200 * 360 = 432,000 human years ; Human
Avg life span= 100 years)
71
Chaturyugas (four yugas) = 1 manvantara (1 life span of Manu)
14
Manvantaras = 1 kalpa (1 day of Brahma) = 994 Maha yugas
2 Kalpas (1
complete day) = 1 day + 1 Brahma ratra (night)
[8.64
billion Human years] = 994 Mahayugas + 6 MahaYugas (gap period) = 1000
MahaYugas
30 days of
Brahma = 1 month of Brahma (259.2 billion human years)
360 days of
Brahma = 1 Brahma varsha (year) = (3.1104 trillion human years)
50 years of
Brahma = 1 Parardham = (155.52 trillion human years)
This is the Age of Universe presently
= (155.521972944 trillion human years)
(50 years of
Brahma + 1 Brahma day (we are in the 1st day of 2nd half of Brahma))
2 parardhams
= 100 years of Brahma = 1 Param = 1 Maha-Kalpa (the life span of Brahma) or (311.04 trillion human years) or [life
span of universe]. {Means big bang to big crunch}.
Hindu Cosmology:
The Hindu
cosmology and timeline is the closest to modern scientific timelines and even
more which might indicate that the Big Bang is not the beginning of everything,
but just the start of the present cycle preceded by an infinite number of
universes and to be followed by another infinite number of universes.
The Nasadiya Sukta of the Rig Veda describes the origin of the
universe. The Rig Veda's view of the cosmos also sees one true divine principle
self-projecting as the divine word, Vaak, 'birthing' the cosmos that we know,
from the monistic Hiranyagarbha or
Golden Egg. The Universe is created by Brahma
(The God of creation). The Universe is preserved by Vishnu (The God of Preservation) and destroyed by Shiva (The God of Destruction). These
three constitute the holy trinity (Trimurti) of the Hindu religion. Once the
Universe has been destroyed by Shiva, Brahma starts the creation once again.
This creation-destruction cycle repeats itself almost endlessly as described
above on Brahma, Manu and the Yugas.
Manvantara or Manuvantara, or age of a Manu, the Hindu
progenitor of humanity, is an astronomical period of time measurement. Manvantara is a Sanskrit sandhi, a combination of words manu and
antara, manu-antara or manvantara, literally meaning the duration of a Manu, or
his life span.
Each Manvantara is created and ruled by a
specific Manu, who in turn is created by
Brahma, the Creator himself. Manu creates the world, and all its species
during that period of time, each Manvantara
lasts the lifetime of a Manu, upon whose death, Brahma creates another Manu
to continue the cycle of Creation or Shristi, Vishnu on his part takes a new
Avatar, and also a new Indra and Saptarishis are appointed.
Eventually
it takes 14 Manus and their respective Manvantaras
to create a Kalpa, Aeon, or a ‘Day of Brahma’, according to the Hindu Time
Cycles and also the Vedic timeline. Thereafter, at the end of each Kalpa, there
is a period - same as Kalpa - of dissolution or Pralaya, wherein the world (earth and all life forms, but not the
entire universe itself) is destroyed and lies in a state of rest, which is
called the, ‘Night of Brahma’. After that the creator, Brahma starts his cycle of creation all over again, in an endless
cycle of creation followed by Destruction for which Shiva, Hindu God of destruction, and also renewal, is invoked
towards the end of each such cycle.
The Hindu
religion is the only one of the world’s great faiths dedicated to the idea that
the Cosmos itself undergoes an immense, indeed an infinite, number of deaths
and rebirths. It is the only religion in which the time scales correspond, to
those of modern scientific cosmology. Its cycles run from our ordinary day and
night to a day and night of Brahma, 8.64 billion years long. Longer than the
age of the Earth or the Sun and about half the time since the Big Bang. And
there are much longer time scales still. - Carl
Sagan, Famous Astrophysicist.
Summary:
Age of
Universe (current): 13.7 Billion years (Modern Science)
Age of
Universe (current): 155.52 trillion years (Vedic Science)
Thanks & Regards
G. Pratap Reddy (SME)
I did not own any of this content, It is only for educational purpose.
Source: All
over Internet & Some Books.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)